American architect and architecture, J. R. Osgood & Co, 1894.
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ISBN 0-415-27105-3.Calcani, Giuliana; Abdulkarim, Maamoun (2003).
Apollodorus of Damascus and Trajan's Column: from tradition to project. L'Erma di Bretschneider.
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ISBN 1-57607-919-8.Charette, François (2003),
Mathematical instrumentation in fourteenth-century Egypt and Syria: the illustrated treatise of Najm al-Dīn al-Mīṣrī, BRILL,
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Osman's dream: the story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1923, Basic Books,
ISBN 0-465-02396-7.Flood, Finbarr Barry (2001).
The Great Mosque of Damascus: studies on the makings of an Umayyad visual culture. Boston: BRILL.
ISBN 90-04-11638-9.Flood, Finbarr Barry (1997). “Umayyad Survivals and Mamluk Revivals: Qalawunid Architecture and the Great Mosque of Damascus”. Muqarnas. Boston: BRILL.
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10.2307/1523236.Grafman, Rafi; Rosen-Ayalon, Myriam (1999). “The Two Great Syrian Umayyad Mosques: Jerusalem and Damascus”. Muqarnas. Boston: BRILL.
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10.2307/1523262.
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Ibn Khaldūn and Tamerlane: their historic meeting in Damascus, 1401 a.d. (803 a. h.) A study based on Arabic manuscripts of Ibn Khaldūn's "Autobiography". University of California Press.Kafescioǧlu, Çiǧdem (1999). “"In The Image of Rūm": Ottoman Architectural Patronage in Sixteenth-Century Aleppo and Damascus”. Muqarnas. BRILL.
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Ibn Kathir (2002).
The Islamic view of Jesus. Islamic Books.
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Moslem architecture: its origins and development, Oxford University Press.
Selin, Helaine biên tập (1997),
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ISBN 978-0-7923-4066-9.Walker, Bethany J. (tháng 3 năm 2004). “Commemorating the Sacred Spaces of the Past: The Mamluks and the Umayyad Mosque at Damascus”. Near Eastern Archaeology. The American Schools of Oriental Research.
67 (1): 26–39.
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10.2307/4149989.Winter, Michael; Levanoni, Amalia (2004).
The Mamluks in Egyptian and Syrian politics and society. BRILL.
ISBN 90-04-13286-4.Van Leeuwen, Richard (1999),
Waqfs and urban structures: the case of Ottoman Damascus, BRILL,
ISBN 90-04-11299-5Wolff, Richard (2007),
The Popular Encyclopedia of World Religions: A User-Friendly Guide to Their Beliefs, History, and Impact on Our World Today, Harvest House Publishers,
ISBN 0-7369-2007-2Zaimeche, Salah; Ball, Lamaan (2005), Damascus,
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